Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Arturo Solis Herrera
Human Photosynthesis, Mexico
Keynote: Towards a new paradigm in metabolism: The unsuspected intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule
Time : 10:05-10:45
Biography:
Arturo Solis Herrera has completed his graduation as Medicine Doctor from Institute Polytechnic Nacional, Mexico with the specialties in Ophthalmology from National University of Mexico and Neuro-Ophthalmology from INNN, Mexico. He has completed his Master of Science degree from University of Aguascalientes, Mexico and PhD in Pharmacology from Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico. He is the Director and Founder of Human Photosynthesis® Research Center, Mexico.
Abstract:
From several decades, the pathways by which living beings interact with the environment to get the energy that is required to boost all and each one of the chemical reactions that make up the living beings has been a mystery. The theory that prevails today is based on the glucose as source of energy for excellence in the eukaryote cell. However, this theory has significant contradictions that have not been yet resolved. The structure of the mitochondrial membrane supposes a strong discrepancy in the biochemical/biomechanical model of the electron flow which is impermeable to the passage of the NADH reduced by the extra-mitochondrial glycolysis. Furthermore, one still cannot explain the fact that every NADH donates two electrons, for instance, every O2 molecule needs four electrons to generate water: 2H2O2. On the other hand, high levels of glucose in blood would be a protection factor in diseases characterized by low energy levels such as Alzheimer's disease, heart failure and cancer, wherein the cell presents significantly decreased levels of voltage, which depend on the available energy. Our discovery of an unsuspected inherent capacity of melanin absorbs visible and invisible light, dissipating the absorbed energy through the dissociation of the molecule of water, such as chlorophyll in plants; it will radically modify our concepts of cellular metabolism. The carbon atoms of glucose are the perfect building-block with which our body builds 99% of the biomolecules that make us up, but the energy necessary for the series of transformations is suffered by the carbon chains that glucose contains, our body gets energy from light, through the dissociation of water, as the plants.
- Endocrine Disorders | Insulin Resistant Syndrome | Nutrition and Metabolic Responses
Location: Rome
Chair
Arturo Solis Herrera
Human Photosynthesis, Mexico
Co-Chair
Danielle Venturini
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
Session Introduction
Mandob Enyegue Damaris
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Title: Attitudes related to Obesity among students of Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I
Time : 10:45-11:15
Biography:
Mandob Enyegue Damaris has completed her PhD from Yaounde I University, Cameroon. She is a Biochemistry Lecturer at Higher Teachers Training College. She has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: The prevalence of obesity is increasing throughout the world and in Cameroon especially with the high rate of nutritional transition. Its etiology is dependent on different factors such as genetic, nutrition knowledge, level of physical activity, eating practices, access to employment and others factors. Therefore, it is a call of concern for everybody, mostly future civil servant such as higher teacher training students to be equipped with nutritional knowledge for further adoption of appropriate healthy eating practices. In order to prevent the obesity pandemic, this study aimed to assess both the prevalence of obesity and the attitudes related to obesity amongst students of the Higher Teacher Training College of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
Methods: The study was conducted among 211 students (92 men and 119 women) aged between 18 and 40 years. A questionnaire related to identification and attitude related to eating disorders was filled, anthropometric and clinical parameters were also measured during the Higher Teachers’ Training College open days of year 2015.
Results: The prevalence of obesity amongst students was 3.8%, significantly higher (p=0.002) among female (5.9%) than men (1.1%). The students’ attitudes about obesity were found not satisfactory, particularly in regard with the preference of sweet taste. In fact, the main practices eating disorders consisted of high consumption of soft drinks (67.8%), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (34.6%) and munching between meals (54%).
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of obesity was low in this studied population, it is important to include nutrition courses in the training programs of this institution in order to give adequate nutrition knowledge to those future civil servants.
Maria do Rosario Pinto
Higher School of Health, Portugal
Title: Effectiveness of a therapeutic educational program for type-2 diabetic patients on eating habits and metabolic control
Time : 11:35-12:05
Biography:
Maria do Rosario Pinto has her expertise in Medical Surgical Nursing. Her research has been on gender sociology (in MD context), therapeutic education (diabetic patients) and complex interventions effectiveness assessment. HIV, cancer and emergency and critical care in nursing are her major interests and has also lectured in these areas. She is the Coordinator for Internationalization of her Health School, participating in a TEMPUS project in which is doing research on VaKE strategy applied to nursing fields, participating in the conduction of several workshops on the theme (Portugal, Salzburg, Israel).
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide with a known strong relation to obesity and eating habits. In face of this situation, for diagnosed people metabolic control is a major objective. Lifestyle approaches with a highlight on eating and exercise habits have proven to be an effective contribute to achieve this goal. In Portugal, reality where this study was conducted, 90% of the population with diabetes is overweight (49.2%) or has obesity (39.6%), (PREVADIAB 1). With this, comes an urgent need to identify effective interventions to reduce this burden. With this study we intend to analyze the impact of a lifestyle centered intervention on metabolic control and self-care activities of poorly controlled type-2 diabetic patients.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: To assess the effectiveness of the 24 weeks Program, a controlled before and after experimental study was conducted. Measures were taken before and after intervention program, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and self-care activities (SCA) through the application of summary of diabetes self-care activities scale.
Findings: The comparison between pre and post-test in Control Group (CG), which received usual care and Experimental Group (EG) showed that only in EG was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c and BMI. Adherence to SCA is higher in EG, having an estimated increase in 40% more than CG (ηp2=0.40). Expected behaviors concerning eating habits, increased a mean of 2 days/week and physical activity 1 day/week in EG while in CG changes were lower (+0.6 days/week and +0.28 days/week, respectively).
Conclusion & Significance: The educational program designed was effective for people with type-2 diabetes with higher metabolic control and more frequent self-care behaviors for EG. With distinct effect sizes, EG participants reduced significantly HbA1c and BMI, while increased expected behaviors related to eating habits.
Monica Umapathy
Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India
Title: How does the birth weights are related to adolescent obesity? An analytical study
Biography:
Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
Introduction: Chronic diseases particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to originate in early life if the individual is obese. We therefore examined the association between the low birth weight and obesity among school children.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between adolescent BMI (body mass index) and low birth weight among school children in comparison to students born with normal birth weight.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by Institutional Ethical and Research Committee. A total of 3580 students ranging from age group 13 to 17 years were involved in the study, out of which 2879 students consented to participate. The students were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire. Parameters including blood Pressure, body mass index, and family history were recorded. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: Statistically significant negative correlation was noted between BMI and birth weight, lower the birth weight, higher the adolescent BMI.
Conclusion: This study emphasize on the necessity to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy in order to avoid low birth weight and adolescent obesity later on. We conclude that the risk of developing adolescent obesity is associated with the low birth weight. We strongly encourage on the primary care to discuss the healthy lifestyle changes and consequences of obesity in children between 13 to 17 years of age to prevent the later consequence.
Georgia Torres
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Title: Effect of exercise intervention programs on anthropometric, physiological and cardiometabolic parameters of persons with and without metabolic syndrome
Time : 12:35-13:05
Biography:
Georgia Torres has completed her PhD in Exercise Physiology, specifically in the area of Metabolic Syndrome and Exercise Programming at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. In 2000 she also qualified as a Conditioning and Strength Specialist (CSCS) by the National Strength and Conditioning Association of America (NSCA). She has co-written the hockey conditioning and endurance training manual for The International Institute of Fitness (Pretoria University) and published a book on exercise and metabolic syndrome. In addition, she was the conditioning specialist for the South African Women’s Olympic Hockey Team 2000-2004 and for the U21 National Hockey Team, 2012-2014. Currently, she is the Regional Manager for the Exercise is Medicine, South African branch and the Medical Director of the Medical Wellness Center on DiData Campus that implements exercise intervention programs for all NCDs.
Abstract:
Effective exercise programs for treating metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been devised. The principle aim of this study was therefore to use the anaerobic threshold (AT) to design an exercise program that optimized individual exercise responses in individuals with MetS. Ten participants with MetS (MetSL) exercised using a walking program which does not use the AT to set training intensities. A second group of ten participants without MetS exercised using velocity at AT to set training intensities (Non-MetSV). The experimental group consisted of ten participants with MetS exercising using velocity at AT to set training intensities (MetSV). Physical, physiological and metabolic responses were measured in all groups before, during and after 20 weeks of exercise. BMI and waist circumference decreased in all groups. In addition, velocity at AT increased in all training groups. The VO2 peak did not change significantly in the non-MetSV group. The blood pressure response was favorable in the groups with MetS yet absent in the group without MetS. The MetSV group was the only group to show significant, positive changes in any of the metabolic parameters (fasting insulin and HOMA). In addition, the training program used in the MetSV group had a greater effect on reducing the number of MetS components than did the training program not using AT. An exercise program using AT to set intensity is effective in eliciting beneficial responses in individuals diagnosed with MetS while allowing a bearable exercise intensity and duration in subjects unaccustomed to the discipline of exercise training.
Tetyana Chaychenko
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
Title: Cardiovascular risk diagnostic controversies in pediatric metabolic syndrome
Time : 14:05-14:35
Biography:
Tetyana Chaychenko is a Consultant of the Endocrine Division of Kharkiv Regional Children Hospital. She has completed her PhD in Pediatrics, then was she was trained in Pediatric Endocrinology in home country and internationally. Her Postdoctoral study was devoted to pediatric metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular disorders and insulin sensitivity in overweight and lean children together with obesity related public health problems). Presently she is an active Investigator in clinical trials at pediatric endocrinology field. She has published more than 100 papers in the reputed journals.
Abstract:
The concept of metabolically healthy obesity has become popular recently. According to different data up to 70% of obese adolescents could be considered as metabolically healthy. On the other hand, obesity per se is not a benign condition and obese subjects are at risk in spite of normal metabolic profile. We hypothesized that detrimental cardiovascular changes together with exercise intolerance already exist in metabolically healthy obese adolescents. To test this hypothesis we examined 413 overweight and obese adolescents and divided them into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) with no age and gender difference. We found the cardiovascular parameters are deteriorated in all obese vs. lean healthy (different degree of myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction, thickening of carotid vessels and systolic hypertension). Meanwhile, obesity associated cardiovascular problems were present in both MHO and MUO. It established low sensitivity (Se=0.28) and low negative predictive value (NPV=0.29) of IDF metabolic syndrome criteria to screen obesity associated cardiovascular problems. The level of physical activity and exercise tolerance to the standard load were low in all obese vs. lean healthy with no significant difference in groups. After using more sensitive stratification criteria, adequate chronotropic reactivity revealed in MHO. Meanwhile, MUO were under the risk of exercise induced chronotropic incompetence together with inotropic (hypertensive) response. Thus, prognostic capability of current pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria is pretty low due to its sensitivity. Therefore obese adolescents not met diagnostic level for metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria could be falsely excluded from the cardiovascular risk group. Deranged exercise tolerance in MUO subjects reflects cardiovascular risk related response (hypertension, chronotropic incompetence and prolonged heart rate recovery).
Monica Umapathy
Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India
Title: Does the caffeine intake associated with depression? A cross sectional study
Biography:
Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between more intake of caffeine and the depression among general population in comparison to the normal individuals which might be the predisposing factor for metabolic syndrome.
Materials & Methods: This study was approved by institutional ethical and research committee. A total of 800 people were involved in the study out of which 600 were consented to participate. The study was conducted in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. The individual were asked to fill a questionnaire on personal data using the Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression scale. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: High consumers reported significantly higher frequency of depression, anxiety and psychophysiological disorders. The data’s were compared with a person consuming one or less cup of caffeinated coffee, the various relative risk of depression was noted for those consuming two to three cups per day or four cups per day or more.
Conclusion: This study emphasize on the necessity to reduce the intake thereby reducing the role of depression in order to prevent the metabolic syndromes like obesity, diabetes and other consequences.
Viktoria Lory
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Republic
Title: Effect of non-classical renin-angiotensin system stimulation in metabolically active tissues of obese Zucker rats
Time : 15:05-15:35
Biography:
Viktoria Lory is currently doing her PhD at the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Abstract:
Local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is of physiological relevance. Angiotesin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) enhances insulin signalling and glucose transport activity in both tissues. The major limitation of exogenous administration of Ang 1–7 is that it is a peptide with short biological half-life. AVE0991, a non-peptide Mas-receptor agonist, has been reported to mimic the action of Ang 1-7. Furthermore, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) was identified as an activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of AVE0991 and DIZE application on metabolic parameters, expression of the RAS components and markers of oxidative stress, and activity of aminopeptidase A (APA) in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats.
Administration of DIZE lowered APA activity in adipose tissue, which might have a beneficial role, since APA degrades Ang 1-7. AVE0991 treatment improved whole body glucose utilization, downregulated the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in adipose tissue, and enhanced the expression of renin receptor, transcription factor PLZF , NOX4 and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 in skeletal muscle. It has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have insulin-mimetic action in muscle. The improved glucose tolerance after AVE0991 treatment might occur due to enhanced ROS production in the skeletal muscle. However, excessive production of ROS in adipose tissue due to ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis might impair insulin signalization. The decline in ACE and NOX4 expression in epididymal fat after AVE0991 administration might have a beneficial role on adipocyte glucose uptake.
Our results suggest that AVE0991 treatment triggers different mechanisms in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue improving the insulin signalling cascade, which needs further investigation.