Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Arturo Solis Herrera
Human Photosynthesis, Mexico
Keynote: Towards a new paradigm in metabolism: The unsuspected intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule
Time : 10:05-10:45
Biography:
Arturo Solis Herrera has completed his graduation as Medicine Doctor from Institute Polytechnic Nacional, Mexico with the specialties in Ophthalmology from National University of Mexico and Neuro-Ophthalmology from INNN, Mexico. He has completed his Master of Science degree from University of Aguascalientes, Mexico and PhD in Pharmacology from Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico. He is the Director and Founder of Human Photosynthesis® Research Center, Mexico.
Abstract:
From several decades, the pathways by which living beings interact with the environment to get the energy that is required to boost all and each one of the chemical reactions that make up the living beings has been a mystery. The theory that prevails today is based on the glucose as source of energy for excellence in the eukaryote cell. However, this theory has significant contradictions that have not been yet resolved. The structure of the mitochondrial membrane supposes a strong discrepancy in the biochemical/biomechanical model of the electron flow which is impermeable to the passage of the NADH reduced by the extra-mitochondrial glycolysis. Furthermore, one still cannot explain the fact that every NADH donates two electrons, for instance, every O2 molecule needs four electrons to generate water: 2H2O2. On the other hand, high levels of glucose in blood would be a protection factor in diseases characterized by low energy levels such as Alzheimer's disease, heart failure and cancer, wherein the cell presents significantly decreased levels of voltage, which depend on the available energy. Our discovery of an unsuspected inherent capacity of melanin absorbs visible and invisible light, dissipating the absorbed energy through the dissociation of the molecule of water, such as chlorophyll in plants; it will radically modify our concepts of cellular metabolism. The carbon atoms of glucose are the perfect building-block with which our body builds 99% of the biomolecules that make us up, but the energy necessary for the series of transformations is suffered by the carbon chains that glucose contains, our body gets energy from light, through the dissociation of water, as the plants.
- Metabolic Syndrome | Cardiovascular Disorders | Oxidative Stress, Inflammation & Angiogenesis in the Metabolic Syndromes | Obesity, Diabetes & Metabolism
Location: Rome
Chair
Kang Choon Lee
Sung Kyun Kwan University, South Korea
Co-Chair
Nihal El Habachi
Alexandria University School of Medicine, Egypt
Session Introduction
Danielle Venturini
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
Title: Increased oxidative stress according to number of risk factors in metabolic syndrome patients
Time : 11:50-12:20
Biography:
Abstract:
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises pathological conditions that include insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, visceral adiposity and dyslipidemia, which favors the development of cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) have been reported as the most appropriate parameter for determination of oxidative stress (OS) in MetS patients and are formed during oxidative stress by the action of chloraminated oxidants, mainly hypochlorous acid and chloramines, produced by myeloperoxidase in activated neutrophils.
Aim: The objective of the present study was to correlate two biomarkers of OS with metabolic features in MetS patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 48 women, aged 32-58 years recruited from University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The groups were divided according to MetS components in three groups, G1 (with three components), G2 (with four components) and G3 (with five components). MetS was defined following the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. After fasting for 12 hours, the subjects underwent the following laboratory blood analysis: Glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triacylglycerol (TG), uric acid and C reactive protein (CRP) which were evaluated by a biochemical auto-analyzer (Dimension Dade AR, Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA), using Dade BehringÒ kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as markers of protein damage and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) as antioxidant were evaluated by the semi-automated method described by Witko-Sarsat and chemiluminescence, respectively. Pro-oxidant-antioxidant imbalance (PAI) was calculated divided AOPP/TRAP.
Results: The G3 group presented significant high levels of BMI, WC, serum levels of glucose, CRP, uric acid, AOPP and PAI when compared with G1, whereas TRAP was significantly lower in the G3 group when compared to G1 and G2 groups. G3 also presented high levels of glucose, CRP, AOPP and lower levels of TRAP when compared to G2 group. With regard to the relationship between oxidative stress markers and metabolic syndrome components, there were a positive correlation between AOPP and TG (r: 0.810; p: 0.0002), LDL (r: 0.630; p: 0.015) and CRP (r: 0.593; p: 0.019).
Conclusion: This study showed that the metabolic disorders observed in MetS patients were determinant for the redox imbalance, characterized by increased plasma oxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity.
Ffion Curtis
University of Lincoln, UK
Title: Associations between vitamin D status and measures of glycaemia in participants with normoglycaemia, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes during winter months
Time : 12:20-12:50
Biography:
Ffion Curtis has completed her PhD from Lincoln Institute for Health where her research focuses on lifestyle and type-2 diabetes. Her other research interest includes public engagement activities such as diabetes information events, systematic reviews and patient education. She is currently developing a collaborative project looking at the effect of exercise on diabetic retinopathy.
Abstract:
As a consequence of changing lifestyles, the prevalence of diabetes is on the increase, with the world prevalence estimated to increase from 6.4% in 2010 to 7.7% in 2030 among adults aged 20-79 years. The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is also increasing and inverse associations have frequently been reported between serum 25(OH)D concentration and measures of glyceemia in a variety of different populations. Furthermore, results from a number of cross sectional studies have shown that participants with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [OH]D when compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D status is influenced by a number of factors including both latitude (sunlight exposure) and lifestyle (influenced by culture and religion). It is therefore, important to establish region specific relationships between vitamin D status and glycemic control prior to any recommendations in relation to vitamin D supplementation and diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify any significant relationships between 25(OH)D concentrations and measures of glycemic control in 116 participants with varying levels of glucose control living in Mid-Wales at a latitude of 52ËšN during winter months. Hypothesis: there will be a correlation between concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA, and that participants with abnormal glucose control (FPG≥6.1 mmol/l) will have significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations when compared to those with normal glucose control. Spearman's rank-order correlations revealed significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and several measures of glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) (r=-.224, n=101, p=0.02), fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) (r=-.242, n=98, p=0.01), insulin sensitivity (%) (r=.256 , n=93, p=0.013), and HOMA score (r=-.233, n=93, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and HbA1c (mmol/mol) or between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and β-cell function (%). When the data for the two clinical groups were combined to form two groups (fasting plasma glucose ≤6 mmol/l vs. ≥6.1 mmol/l), there was a significant difference between the groups, Mann-Whitney test (U=884.000, p=0.03). Low 25(OH)D concentrations (42.6±23.8 nmol/l) observed in the study population, alongside the inverse association (and large proportion of participants with high FPG), demonstrates how adults living in Wales could be at an increased risk during the winter months. Whilst vitamin D only accounted for a small proportion of the variance (~4-8%) in the measures of glycemia, the development of T2D is multifactorial and any easily modifiable risk factors are noteworthy. These results support the emerging evidence suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising candidate for a cost effective intervention for glycemic control.
Mandob Enyegue Damaris
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among University of Yaounde I campus police workers
Time : 12:50-13:20
Biography:
Mandob Enyegue Damaris has completed her PhD from Yaounde I University, Cameroon. She is a Biochemistry Lecturer at Higher Teachers Training College. She has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa.
Abstract:
Objective: Metabolic syndrome studies are still scarces among Cameroonian population and few studies have been done among workers community. This study aimed to estimate metabolic syndrome prevalence among campus police workers of Yaounde I University, Cameroon.
Methods: A total of 53 workers (six women and 47 men) voluntary participated in the study; they were aged between 20-55 years. For their studied data, they were referred to the Andre Fouda Medical Fundation in Yaounde. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) 2001 guidelines.
Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among workers was (5.66%). Low HDL cholesterol (54.72%), high blood pressure level (41.51%) and abdominal obesity (20.75%) were respectively the commonest metabolic syndrome features. 5.66%, 0% and 0% had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. A high proportion (79.25%) of the workers had at least one metabolic syndrome abnormality.
Conclusion: Although metabolic syndrome prevalence is still low among campus police workers of Yaounde I University, a high proportion of them are already at greater metabolic syndrome risk. Annual medical check-up and educational programs for cardiovascular diseases in these workers should be an efficient measure for good cardiovascular health.
Hussein Nori Rubaiy
University of Leeds, UK
Title: Cross-talk between two partners regulates the gating of the KATP channel pore
Time : 14:20-14:50
Biography:
Hussein Nori Rubaiy has completed his Pharmacy degree from Uppsala University and has several years of experience as a Registered Pharmacist in Sweden. He has completed his Master’s degree from Karolinska Institute and PhD from University of Leicester, School of Medicine. He continued with Post-doctoral studies at Dalhousie University, Canada and currently at University of Leeds. His research interest includes drug discovery to study the molecular mechanisms of ion channels in diseases to develop a novel or deliver better ion channel-based therapeutic targets for human disorder and diseases.
Abstract:
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which are unique among potassium channels are ubiquitously expressed and link metabolic state to electrical excitability. KATP channels are crucial in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. In pancreatic β-cells, an increase in ATP/ADP ratio, which is generated by glucose uptake and metabolism, closes the KATP channels to elicit membrane depolarization, calcium influx and a secretion of insulin, the primary hormone of glucose homeostasis. KATP channels are composed of a hetero-octamer of two subunits types, a pore forming Kir6 subunit, which is a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), a regulatory subunit, which is a member of the ATP binding cassette family of proteins. In response to nucleotides and pharmaceutical agonists and antagonists, SUR allosterically regulates KATP channel gating. More than three decades after the discovery of KATP channels, the transduction pathways for allosteric communication, which make the functional link between the pore forming Kir6 and the regulatory SUR subunits of KATP channels, remain poorly understood. A crystal structure of KATP channels will clarify the allosteric communications and the structure-function relationship between KATP channels subunits, which induce the conformational changes and the channel gating.
Abbas Tavakolian Arjmand
Shahrood Azad University, Iran
Title: A novel look into pathogenesis and a logic hint towards the aetiology of metabolic syndrome: The jiggly-signal and wiggly-receptor hypothesis
Time : 14:50-15:20
Biography:
Abbas Tavakolian Arjmand is an Assistant Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism at Shahrood University, Iran.
Abstract:
The galloping incidence and the alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( MbS) has put the human life on the edge of a certain catastrophe. Despite the full-blown epidemic presentation and ongoing and ever-expanding list of clinical and biochemical manifestations of the syndrome, not much have been logically addressed with regard to a comprehensive pathogenesis and an integrated etiology. We, all, have heard the tale of examining a huge elephant in the dark. We would like to open a small but sun-view window and shed a faint beam of light onto this perplexing issue and puzzle out the neglected pieces of a semi set picture and carry the current concepts regarding MbS one big step further. We believe that, this human health tsunami is not merely a metabolic disorder, but also a real chaos at the level of molecular biology and inter-cellular dialogue; a state of generalized cell swelling, cell senescence, chronic oxidative stress, and derailed tissue remodeling due to diverse unusual tissue growth factors expressions. Opposite to common concept of over- feeding and obesity as the initiating factor of metabolic syndrome, we would suggest that a world-wide ubiquitous environmental insult has led to a state of profound signal-receptor mal-engagement and misunderstanding. A true syndromic disorder which is unequivocally tied up to a strange acquired insulin resistance state dramatically emerged in late 1980s. The centripetal obesity of metabolic syndrome is the result of this primary insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, not simply the cause of it. At the end, an all-embracing environmental etiologic factor will be hinted as a novel pathogenesis.
Danielle Venturini
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
Title: Antioxidant capacity increases after olive oil supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome
Time : 15:40-16:10
Biography:
Abstract:
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered to be a clustering of metabolic alterations conferring a high risk of developing type-2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-causes of mortality. Several compounds of MetS are related to inflammatory abnormalities, suggesting that the mechanism underlying this syndrome could be a chronic low-grade inflammatory and oxidative state. Several studies have reported that a Mediterranean dietary pattern, in which olive oil is the main source of fat, is associated with a decrease in CV and overall mortality. Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and antioxidant compounds, mainly phenolic compounds and is capable of reducing one or more risk factors of MetS.
Objective: The aim of this study was to verify that extra-virgem olive oil is capable to improve antioxidant capacity in MetS patients.
Patients & Methods: Fifth and five patients (41 female and 14 male) with MetS (aged 51.45 years) from the ambulatory of the University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil were participated in this intervention study. A control group (CG) maintained their usual diet and the olive oil group (OO) received 10 mL/d of extra-virgin olive oil. Assessments were performed at baseline and after 90 days.
Results: In relation to baseline values, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total antioxidant capacity, evaluated by TRAP, in OO group. TRAP was positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with triacylglycerol after 90 days.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that extra-virgem olive oil can improve the antioxidant capacity in MetS patients.
Monica Umapathy
Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India
Title: Relationship between adolescent obesity and elevated blood pressure: A cross sectional study
Biography:
Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
Objectives: Obesity has become an increasingly important medical problem in children’s and adolescents. To describe the prevalence of elevated blood pressure relating adolescent obesity, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between adolescent obesity and elevated blood pressure among the children.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by Institutional ethical and Research committee. A total of 3400 students ranging from age group 13 to 17 years were involved in the study, out of which 2769 students consented to participate. The students were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire. Parameters including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: Obese children are at approximately a three-fold higher risk for hypertension than non-obese children. Statistically significant result was noted. Higher the adolescent BMI, higher the chance of elevated blood pressure among children.
Conclusion: Obesity in childhood should be considered a chronic medical condition that is likely to require long-term management. Ultimately, prevention of obesity relating to elevated blood pressure is the goal. We conclude that the risk of developing adolescent obesity is associated with the elevated blood pressure. We strongly encourage on the primary care to discuss the healthy lifestyle changes and consequences of obesity in children between 13 to 17 years of age to prevent the later consequence.
- Endocrine Disorders | Insulin Resistant Syndrome | Nutrition and Metabolic Responses
Location: Rome
Chair
Arturo Solis Herrera
Human Photosynthesis, Mexico
Co-Chair
Danielle Venturini
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
Session Introduction
Mandob Enyegue Damaris
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Title: Attitudes related to Obesity among students of Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I
Time : 10:45-11:15
Biography:
Mandob Enyegue Damaris has completed her PhD from Yaounde I University, Cameroon. She is a Biochemistry Lecturer at Higher Teachers Training College. She has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: The prevalence of obesity is increasing throughout the world and in Cameroon especially with the high rate of nutritional transition. Its etiology is dependent on different factors such as genetic, nutrition knowledge, level of physical activity, eating practices, access to employment and others factors. Therefore, it is a call of concern for everybody, mostly future civil servant such as higher teacher training students to be equipped with nutritional knowledge for further adoption of appropriate healthy eating practices. In order to prevent the obesity pandemic, this study aimed to assess both the prevalence of obesity and the attitudes related to obesity amongst students of the Higher Teacher Training College of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
Methods: The study was conducted among 211 students (92 men and 119 women) aged between 18 and 40 years. A questionnaire related to identification and attitude related to eating disorders was filled, anthropometric and clinical parameters were also measured during the Higher Teachers’ Training College open days of year 2015.
Results: The prevalence of obesity amongst students was 3.8%, significantly higher (p=0.002) among female (5.9%) than men (1.1%). The students’ attitudes about obesity were found not satisfactory, particularly in regard with the preference of sweet taste. In fact, the main practices eating disorders consisted of high consumption of soft drinks (67.8%), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (34.6%) and munching between meals (54%).
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of obesity was low in this studied population, it is important to include nutrition courses in the training programs of this institution in order to give adequate nutrition knowledge to those future civil servants.
Maria do Rosario Pinto
Higher School of Health, Portugal
Title: Effectiveness of a therapeutic educational program for type-2 diabetic patients on eating habits and metabolic control
Time : 11:35-12:05
Biography:
Maria do Rosario Pinto has her expertise in Medical Surgical Nursing. Her research has been on gender sociology (in MD context), therapeutic education (diabetic patients) and complex interventions effectiveness assessment. HIV, cancer and emergency and critical care in nursing are her major interests and has also lectured in these areas. She is the Coordinator for Internationalization of her Health School, participating in a TEMPUS project in which is doing research on VaKE strategy applied to nursing fields, participating in the conduction of several workshops on the theme (Portugal, Salzburg, Israel).
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide with a known strong relation to obesity and eating habits. In face of this situation, for diagnosed people metabolic control is a major objective. Lifestyle approaches with a highlight on eating and exercise habits have proven to be an effective contribute to achieve this goal. In Portugal, reality where this study was conducted, 90% of the population with diabetes is overweight (49.2%) or has obesity (39.6%), (PREVADIAB 1). With this, comes an urgent need to identify effective interventions to reduce this burden. With this study we intend to analyze the impact of a lifestyle centered intervention on metabolic control and self-care activities of poorly controlled type-2 diabetic patients.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: To assess the effectiveness of the 24 weeks Program, a controlled before and after experimental study was conducted. Measures were taken before and after intervention program, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and self-care activities (SCA) through the application of summary of diabetes self-care activities scale.
Findings: The comparison between pre and post-test in Control Group (CG), which received usual care and Experimental Group (EG) showed that only in EG was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c and BMI. Adherence to SCA is higher in EG, having an estimated increase in 40% more than CG (ηp2=0.40). Expected behaviors concerning eating habits, increased a mean of 2 days/week and physical activity 1 day/week in EG while in CG changes were lower (+0.6 days/week and +0.28 days/week, respectively).
Conclusion & Significance: The educational program designed was effective for people with type-2 diabetes with higher metabolic control and more frequent self-care behaviors for EG. With distinct effect sizes, EG participants reduced significantly HbA1c and BMI, while increased expected behaviors related to eating habits.
Monica Umapathy
Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India
Title: How does the birth weights are related to adolescent obesity? An analytical study
Biography:
Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
Introduction: Chronic diseases particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to originate in early life if the individual is obese. We therefore examined the association between the low birth weight and obesity among school children.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between adolescent BMI (body mass index) and low birth weight among school children in comparison to students born with normal birth weight.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by Institutional Ethical and Research Committee. A total of 3580 students ranging from age group 13 to 17 years were involved in the study, out of which 2879 students consented to participate. The students were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire. Parameters including blood Pressure, body mass index, and family history were recorded. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: Statistically significant negative correlation was noted between BMI and birth weight, lower the birth weight, higher the adolescent BMI.
Conclusion: This study emphasize on the necessity to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy in order to avoid low birth weight and adolescent obesity later on. We conclude that the risk of developing adolescent obesity is associated with the low birth weight. We strongly encourage on the primary care to discuss the healthy lifestyle changes and consequences of obesity in children between 13 to 17 years of age to prevent the later consequence.
Georgia Torres
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Title: Effect of exercise intervention programs on anthropometric, physiological and cardiometabolic parameters of persons with and without metabolic syndrome
Time : 12:35-13:05
Biography:
Georgia Torres has completed her PhD in Exercise Physiology, specifically in the area of Metabolic Syndrome and Exercise Programming at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. In 2000 she also qualified as a Conditioning and Strength Specialist (CSCS) by the National Strength and Conditioning Association of America (NSCA). She has co-written the hockey conditioning and endurance training manual for The International Institute of Fitness (Pretoria University) and published a book on exercise and metabolic syndrome. In addition, she was the conditioning specialist for the South African Women’s Olympic Hockey Team 2000-2004 and for the U21 National Hockey Team, 2012-2014. Currently, she is the Regional Manager for the Exercise is Medicine, South African branch and the Medical Director of the Medical Wellness Center on DiData Campus that implements exercise intervention programs for all NCDs.
Abstract:
Effective exercise programs for treating metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been devised. The principle aim of this study was therefore to use the anaerobic threshold (AT) to design an exercise program that optimized individual exercise responses in individuals with MetS. Ten participants with MetS (MetSL) exercised using a walking program which does not use the AT to set training intensities. A second group of ten participants without MetS exercised using velocity at AT to set training intensities (Non-MetSV). The experimental group consisted of ten participants with MetS exercising using velocity at AT to set training intensities (MetSV). Physical, physiological and metabolic responses were measured in all groups before, during and after 20 weeks of exercise. BMI and waist circumference decreased in all groups. In addition, velocity at AT increased in all training groups. The VO2 peak did not change significantly in the non-MetSV group. The blood pressure response was favorable in the groups with MetS yet absent in the group without MetS. The MetSV group was the only group to show significant, positive changes in any of the metabolic parameters (fasting insulin and HOMA). In addition, the training program used in the MetSV group had a greater effect on reducing the number of MetS components than did the training program not using AT. An exercise program using AT to set intensity is effective in eliciting beneficial responses in individuals diagnosed with MetS while allowing a bearable exercise intensity and duration in subjects unaccustomed to the discipline of exercise training.
Tetyana Chaychenko
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
Title: Cardiovascular risk diagnostic controversies in pediatric metabolic syndrome
Time : 14:05-14:35
Biography:
Tetyana Chaychenko is a Consultant of the Endocrine Division of Kharkiv Regional Children Hospital. She has completed her PhD in Pediatrics, then was she was trained in Pediatric Endocrinology in home country and internationally. Her Postdoctoral study was devoted to pediatric metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular disorders and insulin sensitivity in overweight and lean children together with obesity related public health problems). Presently she is an active Investigator in clinical trials at pediatric endocrinology field. She has published more than 100 papers in the reputed journals.
Abstract:
The concept of metabolically healthy obesity has become popular recently. According to different data up to 70% of obese adolescents could be considered as metabolically healthy. On the other hand, obesity per se is not a benign condition and obese subjects are at risk in spite of normal metabolic profile. We hypothesized that detrimental cardiovascular changes together with exercise intolerance already exist in metabolically healthy obese adolescents. To test this hypothesis we examined 413 overweight and obese adolescents and divided them into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) with no age and gender difference. We found the cardiovascular parameters are deteriorated in all obese vs. lean healthy (different degree of myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction, thickening of carotid vessels and systolic hypertension). Meanwhile, obesity associated cardiovascular problems were present in both MHO and MUO. It established low sensitivity (Se=0.28) and low negative predictive value (NPV=0.29) of IDF metabolic syndrome criteria to screen obesity associated cardiovascular problems. The level of physical activity and exercise tolerance to the standard load were low in all obese vs. lean healthy with no significant difference in groups. After using more sensitive stratification criteria, adequate chronotropic reactivity revealed in MHO. Meanwhile, MUO were under the risk of exercise induced chronotropic incompetence together with inotropic (hypertensive) response. Thus, prognostic capability of current pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria is pretty low due to its sensitivity. Therefore obese adolescents not met diagnostic level for metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria could be falsely excluded from the cardiovascular risk group. Deranged exercise tolerance in MUO subjects reflects cardiovascular risk related response (hypertension, chronotropic incompetence and prolonged heart rate recovery).
Monica Umapathy
Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India
Title: Does the caffeine intake associated with depression? A cross sectional study
Biography:
Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between more intake of caffeine and the depression among general population in comparison to the normal individuals which might be the predisposing factor for metabolic syndrome.
Materials & Methods: This study was approved by institutional ethical and research committee. A total of 800 people were involved in the study out of which 600 were consented to participate. The study was conducted in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. The individual were asked to fill a questionnaire on personal data using the Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression scale. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
Results: High consumers reported significantly higher frequency of depression, anxiety and psychophysiological disorders. The data’s were compared with a person consuming one or less cup of caffeinated coffee, the various relative risk of depression was noted for those consuming two to three cups per day or four cups per day or more.
Conclusion: This study emphasize on the necessity to reduce the intake thereby reducing the role of depression in order to prevent the metabolic syndromes like obesity, diabetes and other consequences.
Viktoria Lory
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Republic
Title: Effect of non-classical renin-angiotensin system stimulation in metabolically active tissues of obese Zucker rats
Time : 15:05-15:35
Biography:
Viktoria Lory is currently doing her PhD at the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Abstract:
Local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is of physiological relevance. Angiotesin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) enhances insulin signalling and glucose transport activity in both tissues. The major limitation of exogenous administration of Ang 1–7 is that it is a peptide with short biological half-life. AVE0991, a non-peptide Mas-receptor agonist, has been reported to mimic the action of Ang 1-7. Furthermore, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) was identified as an activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of AVE0991 and DIZE application on metabolic parameters, expression of the RAS components and markers of oxidative stress, and activity of aminopeptidase A (APA) in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats.
Administration of DIZE lowered APA activity in adipose tissue, which might have a beneficial role, since APA degrades Ang 1-7. AVE0991 treatment improved whole body glucose utilization, downregulated the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in adipose tissue, and enhanced the expression of renin receptor, transcription factor PLZF , NOX4 and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 in skeletal muscle. It has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have insulin-mimetic action in muscle. The improved glucose tolerance after AVE0991 treatment might occur due to enhanced ROS production in the skeletal muscle. However, excessive production of ROS in adipose tissue due to ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis might impair insulin signalization. The decline in ACE and NOX4 expression in epididymal fat after AVE0991 administration might have a beneficial role on adipocyte glucose uptake.
Our results suggest that AVE0991 treatment triggers different mechanisms in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue improving the insulin signalling cascade, which needs further investigation.