Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Christine Comera
National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), France
Keynote: Exposure to dietary lipid leads to rapid production of cytosolic lipid droplets near the brush border membrane
Biography:
Christine Comera has obtained her PhD in biochemistry in 1989 and was employed as researcher in the INRA (National Institute of Agronomic Research) in Toulouse since 1992. She has her expertise in the pathophysiological study of mammalian intestinal absorption, lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes or intestinal permeability. She studies mainly the intestinal epithelium by approaches combining physiology with cellular and molecular characterizations including imagery and biochemical methods.
Abstract:
Intestinal absorption of dietary lipids involves their hydrolysis in the lumen of proximal intestine as well as uptake, intracellular transport and re-assembly of hydrolyzed lipids in enterocytes, leading to the formation and secretion of the lipoproteins chylomicrons and HDL. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of cytosolic lipid droplets (CLD) whose function in the process of lipid absorption is poorly understood.
Intestinal lipid absorption was studied in mouse after gavage. Ultra centrifugations were performed to isolate intestinal CLD, as well as the enterocyte brush border membranes, which were analyzed by western-blots. Immunofluorescent localization of membranes transporters or metabolic enzymes, as well as kinetics of CLD production, was also studied in intestine or Caco-2 cells.
We isolated three populations of CLD (ranging from 15 to 1000 nm) which showed differential expression of the major lipid transporters scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD-36), Niemann Pick C-like 1 (NPC1L1), the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5/G8 and A1 but also caveolin 2 and fatty acid binding proteins. The enzyme monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) was identified in the brush border membrane (BBM) in addition to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting local synthesis of triglycerides and CLD at both places.
In conclusion, we show a very fast production of CLD by enterocytes associated with a transfer of apical constituents as lipid transporters. Our findings suggest that following their uptake by enterocytes, lipids can be partially metabolized at the BBM and packaged into CLD, for their transportation to the ER.
- Nutrition and Metabolic Responses | Genetics of the Metabolic Syndrome | Cardiovascular Disorder | Weight Loss Therapies
Location: Atlantis 2
Chair
Christine Comera
National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), France
Session Introduction
Matej Stancik
Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Title: Vaspin – a novel predictor of coronary angiography result in SCAD (Stable Coronary Artery Disease) patients
Biography:
Matej Stancik is a research fellow at the Internal Medicine Dept. I., Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. He received his Doctor´s degree from Comenius University in Bratislava in 2010. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Comenius University in Bratislava in 2014. His doctoral research was devoted to the adipokine regulation in stable coronary artery disease. His postdoctoral research is dedicated to adipokine regulation in the situation of both acute and chronic ischaemic heart disease. He is the author of various research grants, including the SRDA (Slovak Research and Development Agency) grant APVV-14-0153 and the author and co-author of various research articles.
Abstract:
The roles of vaspin in the pathogenesis of stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) have been repeatedly addressed in clinical studies. In our study, data of 106 SCAD patients who received coronary angiography (CA) and 85 healthy controls were analysed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to their pre-test probability (PTP) and the result of CA. Fasting vaspin was compared between subgroups of SCAD patients and between target group and controls. The effect of age and smoking on the result of coronary angiography was compared to the effect of vaspin using the binomial regression. We did not find significant difference in vaspin level between target group and controls. Unless the PTP was taken into account, we didn´t find vaspin difference in the target group, when dividing patients on the basis of presence of significant coronary stenosis. In the subgroup of patients with PTP 15% - 65 %, those with stenoses had higher vaspin (0,579 ± 0,898 ng/ml) than patients without significant stenoses (0,379 ± 0,732 ng/ml) t = -2,595; p = 0,012; d = 0,658; 1-β = 0,850. Age, smoking and vaspin contributed to the prediction of coronary stenosis in binomial regression model in low PTP (OR: 1.1, 4.9, and 8.7 respectively). According to our results, vaspin can´t be used as an independent marker for the presence of SCAD. Vaspin measurement might be clinically useful in patients with PTP below 66 %. This study was supported by the SRDA grant APVV – 14 – 0153 and by the VEGA grant 1/0160/16.
Jiang He
Tulane University, USA
Title: The design and rationale of a cluster randomized trial testing the effect of a collaborative care intervention on metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular events: Diabetes Complication Control in Community Clinics (D4C) Trial
Biography:
Jiang He is a professor and Joseph Copes Chair of Epidemiology at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. He is also the Director of the Tulane University Translational Science Institute in New Orleans. He is an internationally well-known expert in the clinical, translational, and epidemiological research of cardio-metabolic diseases. He has conducted novel, NIH-funded studies in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. He has been the principal investigator and co-investigator for more than 30 major research awards from the NIH. Additionally he has authored more than 400 scientific articles which have been published in high-impact biomedical journals.
Abstract:
Most patients with diabetes have multiple uncontrolled metabolic risk factors. The overall objective of this cluster randomized trial is to test whether a collaborative care intervention will improve metabolic risk factors (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1C], systolic blood-pressure [SBP], and LDL-cholesterol) over 18 months (primary outcome in phase 1) and reduce major cardiovascular disease (CVD) over 3 years (primary outcome in phase 2) among patients with type-2 diabetes and increased CVD risk in China. The collaborative care intervention will be delivered by a team of primary care physicians, health managers, and nurses supported by diabetes specialists. The multicomponent interventions include health coaching for lifestyle modification and medication adherence and a decision support system using a stepped-care protocol for managing diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia based on clinical guidelines. The D4C trial will recruit 11,780 patients with diabetes and increased CVD risk from 38 community clinics in Xiamen, China. Nineteen clinics with approximately 310 patients each will be randomly assigned to intervention and 19 clinics to control. Study outcomes will be obtained at follow-up visits every 6 months. The D4C trial is designed to provide 90% statistical power to detect a 3.6% reduction in the combined changes in HbA1C, SBP, and LDL-cholesterol levels in phase 1 and a 20% reduction in major CVD in phase 2 at a significance level of 0.05 for a two-sided test. This trial will generate important data on an effective, practical and sustainable intervention program aimed at reducing the CVD burden among diabetes patients in populations with health disparities.
Daniel Roberto Magdaleno Rodriguez
National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
Title: Efficiency and safety of Anfepramona in the treatment in patients with obesity
Biography:
Daniel Roberto Magdaleno Rodriguez is Mexican medical student of Superior School of Medicine (School of Medicine) at National Polytechnic Institute. He is a junior researcher who has been working at the obesity center of the School since 2013 on different research lines regargding obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. His most important recent research is focused on drug effectiveness and security for obesity and fatty livertreatment. He is also founder and CEO of AIMEDS A.C.
Abstract:
Obesity has become a public global health, we can not lose sight that this disease has reached epidemic global proportions, which is why the World Health Organization (WHO by the acronym in English) calls obesity as the epidemic of the century. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anfepramona in patients with obesity against patients who recieve a placebo. It was a longitudinal, prospective and comparative study during 6 months. This study was conducted under 200 exogenous obese patients, aged between 18 and 60 years of both sexs with Body Mass Index (BMI by the acronym in English) between 30 and 45 kg/m2 Patients were randomized into two groups of 100 subjects each and were administered for six months with anfepramona (group 1) or placebo (group 2). All patients were under medical supervision during the six months of treatment and baseline blood determinations of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides and liver enzymes were made, these determinations were also made at the end of the study and compared with the initial figures, results were obtained Significant in different variables.