Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises pathological conditions that include insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, visceral adiposity and dyslipidemia, which favors the development of cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) have been reported as the most appropriate parameter for determination of oxidative stress (OS) in MetS patients and are formed during oxidative stress by the action of chloraminated oxidants, mainly hypochlorous acid and chloramines, produced by myeloperoxidase in activated neutrophils.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to correlate two biomarkers of OS with metabolic features in MetS patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 48 women, aged 32-58 years recruited from University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The groups were divided according to MetS components in three groups, G1 (with three components), G2 (with four components) and G3 (with five components). MetS was defined following the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. After fasting for 12 hours, the subjects underwent the following laboratory blood analysis: Glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triacylglycerol (TG), uric acid and C reactive protein (CRP) which were evaluated by a biochemical auto-analyzer (Dimension Dade AR, Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA), using Dade Behring^Ò kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as markers of protein damage and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) as antioxidant were evaluated by the semi-automated method described by Witko-Sarsat and chemiluminescence, respectively. Pro-oxidant-antioxidant imbalance (PAI) was calculated divided AOPP/TRAP.

Results: The G3 group presented significant high levels of BMI, WC, serum levels of glucose, CRP, uric acid, AOPP and PAI when compared with G1, whereas TRAP was significantly lower in the G3 group when compared to G1 and G2 groups. G3 also presented high levels of glucose, CRP, AOPP and lower levels of TRAP when compared to G2 group. With regard to the relationship between oxidative stress markers and metabolic syndrome components, there were a positive correlation between AOPP and TG (r: 0.810; p: 0.0002), LDL (r: 0.630; p: 0.015) and CRP (r: 0.593; p: 0.019).

Conclusion: This study showed that the metabolic disorders observed in MetS patients were determinant for the redox imbalance, characterized by increased plasma oxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity.

Biography:

Ffion Curtis has completed her PhD from Lincoln Institute for Health where her research focuses on lifestyle and type-2 diabetes. Her other research interest includes public engagement activities such as diabetes information events, systematic reviews and patient education. She is currently developing a collaborative project looking at the effect of exercise on diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:

As a consequence of changing lifestyles, the prevalence of diabetes is on the increase, with the world prevalence estimated to increase from 6.4% in 2010 to 7.7% in 2030 among adults aged 20-79 years. The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is also increasing and inverse associations have frequently been reported between serum 25(OH)D concentration and measures of glyceemia in a variety of different populations. Furthermore, results from a number of cross sectional studies have shown that participants with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [OH]D when compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D status is influenced by a number of factors including both latitude (sunlight exposure) and lifestyle (influenced by culture and religion). It is therefore, important to establish region specific relationships between vitamin D status and glycemic control prior to any recommendations in relation to vitamin D supplementation and diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify any significant relationships between 25(OH)D concentrations and measures of glycemic control in 116 participants with varying levels of glucose control living in Mid-Wales at a latitude of 52ËšN during winter months. Hypothesis: there will be a correlation between concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA, and that participants with abnormal glucose control (FPG≥6.1 mmol/l) will have significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations when compared to those with normal glucose control. Spearman's rank-order correlations revealed significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and several measures of glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) (r=-.224, n=101, p=0.02), fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) (r=-.242, n=98, p=0.01), insulin sensitivity (%) (r=.256 , n=93, p=0.013), and HOMA score (r=-.233, n=93, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and HbA1c (mmol/mol) or between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and β-cell function (%). When the data for the two clinical groups were combined to form two groups (fasting plasma glucose ≤6 mmol/l vs. ≥6.1 mmol/l), there was a significant difference between the groups, Mann-Whitney test (U=884.000, p=0.03). Low 25(OH)D concentrations (42.6±23.8 nmol/l) observed in the study population, alongside the inverse association (and large proportion of participants with high FPG), demonstrates how adults living in Wales could be at an increased risk during the winter months. Whilst vitamin D only accounted for a small proportion of the variance (~4-8%) in the measures of glycemia, the development of T2D is multifactorial and any easily modifiable risk factors are noteworthy. These results support the emerging evidence suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising candidate for a cost effective intervention for glycemic control.

Biography:

Mandob Enyegue Damaris has completed her PhD from Yaounde I University, Cameroon. She is a Biochemistry Lecturer at Higher Teachers Training College. She has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa.

Abstract:

Objective: Metabolic syndrome studies are still scarces among Cameroonian population and few studies have been done among workers community. This study aimed to estimate metabolic syndrome prevalence among campus police workers of Yaounde I University, Cameroon.

Methods: A total of 53 workers (six women and 47 men) voluntary participated in the study; they were aged between 20-55 years. For their studied data, they were referred to the Andre Fouda Medical Fundation in Yaounde. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) 2001 guidelines.

Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among workers was (5.66%). Low HDL cholesterol (54.72%), high blood pressure level (41.51%) and abdominal obesity (20.75%) were respectively the commonest metabolic syndrome features. 5.66%, 0% and 0% had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. A high proportion (79.25%) of the workers had at least one metabolic syndrome abnormality.

Conclusion: Although metabolic syndrome prevalence is still low among campus police workers of Yaounde I University, a high proportion of them are already at greater metabolic syndrome risk. Annual medical check-up and educational programs for cardiovascular diseases in these workers should be an efficient measure for good cardiovascular health. 

Biography:

Hussein Nori Rubaiy has completed his Pharmacy degree from Uppsala University and has several years of experience as a Registered Pharmacist in Sweden. He has completed his Master’s degree from Karolinska Institute and PhD from University of Leicester, School of Medicine. He continued with Post-doctoral studies at Dalhousie University, Canada and currently at University of Leeds. His research interest includes drug discovery to study the molecular mechanisms of ion channels in diseases to develop a novel or deliver better ion channel-based therapeutic targets for human disorder and diseases.

Abstract:

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which are unique among potassium channels are ubiquitously expressed and link metabolic state to electrical excitability. KATP channels are crucial in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. In pancreatic β-cells, an increase in ATP/ADP ratio, which is generated by glucose uptake and metabolism, closes the KATP channels to elicit membrane depolarization, calcium influx and a secretion of insulin, the primary hormone of glucose homeostasis. KATP channels are composed of a hetero-octamer of two subunits types, a pore forming Kir6 subunit, which is a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), a regulatory subunit, which is a member of the ATP binding cassette family of proteins. In response to nucleotides and pharmaceutical agonists and antagonists, SUR allosterically regulates KATP channel gating. More than three decades after the discovery of KATP channels, the transduction pathways for allosteric communication, which make the functional link between the pore forming Kir6 and the regulatory SUR subunits of KATP channels, remain poorly understood. A crystal structure of KATP channels will clarify the allosteric communications and the structure-function relationship between KATP channels subunits, which induce the conformational changes and the channel gating.

Biography:

Abbas Tavakolian Arjmand is an Assistant Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism at Shahrood University, Iran.

Abstract:

The galloping incidence and the alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( MbS) has put the human life on the edge of a certain catastrophe. Despite the full-blown epidemic presentation and ongoing and ever-expanding list of clinical and biochemical manifestations of the syndrome, not much have been logically addressed with regard to a comprehensive pathogenesis and an integrated etiology. We, all, have heard the tale of examining a huge elephant in the dark. We would like to open a small but sun-view window and shed a faint beam of light onto this perplexing issue and puzzle out the neglected pieces of a semi set picture and carry the current concepts regarding MbS one big step further. We believe that, this human health tsunami is not merely a metabolic disorder, but also a real chaos at the level of molecular biology and inter-cellular dialogue; a state of generalized cell swelling, cell senescence, chronic oxidative stress, and derailed tissue remodeling due to diverse unusual tissue growth factors expressions. Opposite to common concept of over- feeding and obesity as the initiating factor of metabolic syndrome, we would suggest that a world-wide ubiquitous environmental insult has led to a state of profound signal-receptor mal-engagement and misunderstanding. A true syndromic disorder which is unequivocally tied up to a strange acquired insulin resistance state dramatically emerged in late 1980s. The centripetal obesity of metabolic syndrome is the result of this primary insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, not simply the cause of it. At the end, an all-embracing environmental etiologic factor will be hinted as a novel pathogenesis.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered to be a clustering of metabolic alterations conferring a high risk of developing type-2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-causes of mortality. Several compounds of MetS are related to inflammatory abnormalities, suggesting that the mechanism underlying this syndrome could be a chronic low-grade inflammatory and oxidative state. Several studies have reported that a Mediterranean dietary pattern, in which olive oil is the main source of fat, is associated with a decrease in CV and overall mortality. Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and antioxidant compounds, mainly phenolic compounds and is capable of reducing one or more risk factors of MetS.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify that extra-virgem olive oil is capable to improve antioxidant capacity in MetS patients.

Patients & Methods: Fifth and five patients (41 female and 14 male) with MetS (aged 51.45 years) from the ambulatory of the University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil were participated in this intervention study. A control group (CG) maintained their usual diet and the olive oil group (OO) received 10 mL/d of extra-virgin olive oil. Assessments were performed at baseline and after 90 days.

Results: In relation to baseline values, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total antioxidant capacity, evaluated by TRAP, in OO group. TRAP was positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with triacylglycerol after 90 days.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence that extra-virgem olive oil can improve the antioxidant capacity in MetS patients.

Biography:

Monica Umapathy is currently pursuing MBBS from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. She has presented five papers at international conferences.

Abstract:

Objectives: Obesity has become an increasingly important medical problem in children’s and adolescents. To describe the prevalence of elevated blood pressure relating adolescent obesity, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between adolescent obesity and elevated blood pressure among the children.

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by Institutional ethical and Research committee. A total of 3400 students ranging from age group 13 to 17 years were involved in the study, out of which 2769 students consented to participate. The students were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire. Parameters including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The results were tabulated and analyzed.

Results: Obese children are at approximately a three-fold higher risk for hypertension than non-obese children. Statistically significant result was noted. Higher the adolescent BMI, higher the chance of elevated blood pressure among children.

Conclusion: Obesity in childhood should be considered a chronic medical condition that is likely to require long-term management. Ultimately, prevention of obesity relating to elevated blood pressure is the goal. We conclude that the risk of developing adolescent obesity is associated with the elevated blood pressure. We strongly encourage on the primary care to discuss the healthy lifestyle changes and consequences of obesity in children between 13 to 17 years of age to prevent the later consequence.